Invention Spotlight: The Pen & Pencil - Davison (2024)

June 13, 2013

Writing and drawing tools are considered some of mankind’s greatest inventions. They have allowed the recording and conveying of thoughts, feelings, ideas – and grocery lists – for thousands of years. They are the very reason we know the history of us. Pencils and pens have given everyone in this world quick, easy and affordable access to put on paper what lives in their minds.

Invention Spotlight: The Pen & Pencil - Davison (1)Writers, artists and draftsmen are just some of the creative types whose lives and careers have been transformed by these ingenious tools. Celebrated novelist John Steinbeck used 300 pencils to write East of Eden. Trail-blazing animator and entrepreneur Walt Disney first sketched Mickey Mouse’s ears with a pencil and the rest is history.

The origins of the pencil and pen are actually just as fascinating as the words and pictures they have recorded throughout time. The earliest means of writing with pen and paper as we know it was developed by the Greeks, and perfected by the Romans.

The writing instrument that dominated for the longest period in history – over 1,000 years — was the quill pen. Introduced in Europe around 700 A.D. and made from a bird feather, quill pens lasted for only a week before it was necessary to replace them. Lewis Waterman of New York patented the first practical fountain pen in 1884 and in 1931, Hungarian Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint pen — the writing implement of choice for most people today because of their neatness and reliability.

Invention Spotlight: The Pen & Pencil - Davison (2)

(A sketch of Saturn by Galileo)

The idea for the pencil came much later in human history and quite by accident. Some time prior to about 1560, graphite was discovered near Borrowdale, England, supposedly when a large tree was uprooted in a storm, exposing a black substance beneath its roots.

Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of encasem*nt. Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string or sheepskin for stability. Shortly after, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the halves then glued together—essentially the same method in use to this day.

Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of encasem*nt. Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string or sheepskin for stability. Shortly after, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the halves then glued together—essentially the same method in use to this day.

Although the pencil was first officially documented in 1565 by Conrad Gesner, and its invention is sometimes attributed to him, it wasn’t until the late 1700s that manufacturing techniques similar to those practiced today were developed.

The method of making pencils was painstakingly slow, so Joseph Dixon, an inventor and entrepreneur, developed a means to mass-produce pencils. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world’s largest dealer and consumer of graphite and later became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company.

In 1858, Hymen Lipman did us all a great favor when he received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. As we continue to use the pencil to help sketch the future, we can also rely on the eraser to make a few revisions along the way.

Copyright Davison 2013

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Invention Spotlight: The Pen & Pencil - Davison (2024)

FAQs

Which was invented first, a pen or a pencil? ›

The history of pens goes back, at least in the Western world, to ancient Egypt, to about 3000 BC. So pens predate the graphite pencil.

What is the story of the pencil invention? ›

Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, wood-encased carpentry pencil. Their version was a flat, oval, more compact type of pencil. Their concept involved the hollowing out of a stick of juniper wood.

Why is the pen the most important invention? ›

Writing and drawing tools are considered some of mankind's greatest inventions. They have allowed the recording and conveying of thoughts, feelings, ideas – and grocery lists – for thousands of years. They are the very reason we know the history of us.

Which discovery in 1564 led to the invention of the pencil? ›

Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string.

Who invented the pen? ›

In 1809, Bartholomew Folsch received a patent in England for a pen with an ink reservoir. A student in Paris, Romanian Petrache Poenaru invented a fountain pen that used a quill as an ink reservoir. The French Government patented this in May 1827. Fountain pen patents and production then increased in the 1850s.

Who made the pen first? ›

Petrache Poenaru is credited for the invention of pen, which is known to be mightier than the sword. He was the first to develop the fountain pen in 1827. Petrache was a Romanian engineer, inventor, and mathematician.

Why lick the tip of a pencil? ›

The old material of solid graphite was very dense and did not leave much of a mark on the paper. In order to leave a clear mark on the paper, people would wet or lick the end of a pencil to make it flow like a pen. A car carved into the lead of a pencil by artist Chien-Chu Lee.

What was invented before the pencil? ›

Its ancient ancestor was known as the stylus. The stylus was a tiny lead rod the Romans used to make marks on a tabula. These were tablets made of wax attached to wood.

Who invented the eraser? ›

In 1770 English engineer Edward Nairne is reported to have developed the first widely marketed rubber eraser, for an inventions competition. Until that time the material was known as gum elastic or by its Native American name (via French) caoutchouc.

Why is a pencil called a pencil? ›

The word 'pencil' comes from Old French pincel, and Latin penicillus or a "little tail" , and originally referred to an artist's fine brush of camel hair in the Middle Ages, although the use of a form of brush for drawing goes back to the early petrograph or cave paintings.

What are some facts about the first pen? ›

The earliest ancestor of the pen probably was the brush the Chinese used for writing by the 1st millennium bce. The early Egyptians employed thick reeds for penlike implements about 300 bce. A specific allusion to the quill pen occurs in the 7th-century writings of St.

What was a pen made of today? ›

In modern disposable pens, narrow plastic tubes contain the ink, which is compelled downward to the ball by gravity. Brass, steel, or tungsten carbide are used to manufacture the ball bearing-like points, then housed in a brass socket.

How did the pencil impact the world? ›

The results surprised even themost ardent pencil advocates: students who owned pencils were able to compute numbers and process words far more quickly than their pencil-less peers. Several students were able to multiply two three-digit numbers in less than 30 seconds. The greatest impact came in memory tests.

What problems did the pencil solve? ›

We've used them to calculate math problems, jot notes, draw doodles, create sketches, and write letters. Pencils have existed for so long and have become so common that we no longer give thought to its history and the impact it had on the world.

Why is pencil important in our daily life? ›

Pencil is very important. If we don t have any pencils, we can t write, we can t do our homework, we can t draw, we can do any kinds of writing. If you get some mistakes, there is an eraser on the top of the pencil, it can help you to correct it.

What came before the pen? ›

A quill is a pen made from a flight feather of a large bird, most often a goose. Quills were used as instruments for writing with ink before the metal dip pen, the fountain pen, and eventually the ballpoint pen came into use.

When was the pen first created? ›

Pens have been around for thousands of years with the first pen used in 3200 BC. Have you ever wondered how we went from using a bamboo reed pen to the ballpoint pen we use today? Jump into our time machine to find out where and when the first pens were created.

What came first, ink or paper? ›

The earliest forms of ink

The Egyptians wrote with this ink on papyrus, a thick paper-like material made from the pith of the papyrus plant. Many years later, around 100 BC, China invented paper as we know it although it took many years to spread to the rest of the world.

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