Pen | History, Types, & Facts (2024)

writing implement

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Last Updated: Article History

Key People:
Patrick Joseph Frawley, Jr.
Related Topics:
qalam
quill pen
soft-tip pen
reed pen
ballpoint pen

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pen, tool for writing or drawing with a coloured fluid such as ink.

The earliest ancestor of the pen probably was the brush the Chinese used for writing by the 1st millennium bce. The early Egyptians employed thick reeds for penlike implements about 300 bce. A specific allusion to the quill pen occurs in the 7th-century writings of St. Isidore of Sevilla, but such pens made of bird feathers were probably in use at an even earlier date. They provided a degree of writing ease and control never realized before and were used in Europe until the mid-19th century, when metallic pens and pen nibs (writing points) largely supplanted them. Such devices were known in Classical times but were little used (a bronze pen was found in the ruins of Pompeii). John Mitchell of Birmingham, England, is credited with having introduced the machine-made steel pen point in 1828. Two years later the English inventor James Perry sought to produce more-flexible steel points by cutting a centre hole at the top of a central slit and then making additional slits on either side.

More From Britannicadrawing: Pens

The inconvenience of having to continually dip a pen to replenish its ink supply stimulated the development of the fountain pen, a type of pen in which ink is held in a reservoir and passes to the writing point through capillary channels. The first practical version of the fountain pen was produced in 1884 by the American inventor L.E. Waterman.

Ballpoint pens date from the late 19th century. Commercial models appeared in 1895, but the first satisfactory model was patented by Lázló Bíró, a Hungarian living in Argentina. His ballpoint pen, commonly called the “biro,” became popular in Great Britain during the late 1930s, and by the mid-1940s pens of this type were widely used throughout much of the world. The writing tip of a ballpoint pen consists of a metal ball, housed in a socket, that rotates freely and rolls quick-drying ink onto the writing surface. The ball is constantly bathed in ink from a reservoir, one end of which is open and attached to the writing tip.

Soft-tip pens that use points made of porous materials became commercially available during the 1960s. In such pens a synthetic polymer of controlled porosity transfers ink from the reservoir to the writing surface. These fibre-tipped pens can be used for lettering and drawing as well as for writing and may be employed on surfaces such as plastic and glass.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

Pen | History, Types, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

What was the first type of pen? ›

The Reed Pen - 4th Century

The first citing of a pen dates back to the 4th century BC with the Ancient Egyptian scribes who would write hieroglyphics on papyrus. The Egyptians didn't favour a Parker 51, but rather a “Reed Pen”, a single piece of reed pointed into a square and split at the point.

What type of pen writes the smoothest? ›

Gel pens use a water-based ink to offer a smooth writing style. Advantages: This type of pen offers a richer ink colour, with a variety of shades to choose from. It's also smooth to write with compared to a rollerball thanks to its viscous nature.

What are the old types of pens? ›

Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity that had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. Today, such pens find only a small number of specialized uses, such as in illustration and calligraphy.

What is the most famous pen? ›

Made in France and introduced in 1950 (along with other soon-to-be classics like James Dean and Charles Schulz' Peanuts comic strip) Bic is the best-selling pen brand in the world. The Bic Cristal, with its decidedly chewable cap and transparent, pencil-like hexagonal barrel shape are recognized around the globe.

What is an interesting fact about the ballpoint pen? ›

A regular BIC ballpoint pen can draw a line that's about 2 kilometers long. That's more than 6 times longer than the height of the Eiffel tower! The United States produces more than 2 billion pens a year. Paul Fisher designed the Space Pen for the 1968 Apollo mission.

What is the oldest pencil ever? ›

In the late 16th century pure graphite deposits were found in the Borrowdale area of the Lake District and farmers began using it to mark their sheep. Later in the 19th century a major pencil manufacturing industry was created at nearby Keswick. The 'oldest pencil in the world', found in a timbered house built in 1630.

What is the most common pen? ›

The inexpensive, disposable Bic Cristal (also simply "Bic pen" or "Biro") is reportedly the most widely sold pen in the world.

What is a few words about pen? ›

A pen is a universal tool used for writing on paper. A pen has a plastic body called a barrel, a tip, an ink reservoir or chamber, and a cap. Different colours of ink can be used in a pen to write. A significant phrase related to it is “Pen is mightier than the sword”.

Who invented the pen? ›

Petrache Poenaru is credited for the invention of pen, which is known to be mightier than the sword. He was the first to develop the fountain pen in 1827. Petrache was a Romanian engineer, inventor, and mathematician.

What were old pens called? ›

Quills were used for writing with ink before the invention of the dip pen/metal-nibbed pen, the fountain pen, and, eventually, the ballpoint pen. As with the earlier reed pen (and later dip pen), a quill has no internal ink reservoir and therefore needs to periodically be dipped into an inkwell during writing.

What is the oldest pen? ›

The earliest ancestor of the pen probably was the brush the Chinese used for writing by the 1st millennium bce. The early Egyptians employed thick reeds for penlike implements about 300 bce. A specific allusion to the quill pen occurs in the 7th-century writings of St.

What is an old fashioned pen? ›

Often fountain pens are referred to as old fashioned pens. Beautiful hand made fountain pens are really rare and a thing of the past.

What are the 4 pen techniques? ›

These techniques include hatching, cross hatching, random lines, and stippling. (Each of these techniques are explored and demonstrated further down this page.) One appeal of drawing with pen and ink is the clean, finished appearance that can be created.

Which is the most popular pen? ›

Pilot G2 Gel Pens

Pilot's classic G2 gel pens are the best pens of all time, and do not test me. They're easy to hold and to write with. As gel pens, they are pretty inky, which means you only need to apply light pressure for perfect form.

What are the fancy pens called? ›

Today, fountain pens are often treated as luxury goods and sometimes as status symbols. Fountain pens may serve as an everyday writing instrument, much like the common ballpoint pen.

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